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# How Silicon Valley Went from ‘Don’t be Evil’ to Doing Evil
March 05 2018
Written by Joel Kotkin.
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NEW GEOGRAPHY--Once seen as the saviors of America’s economy, Silicon Valley is turning into something more of an emerging axis of evil. “Brain-hacking” tech companies such as Apple, Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Amazon, as [one prominent tech investor puts it](https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/08/08/my-google-and-facebook-investments-made-fortune-but-now-they-menace/543755001/), have become so intrusive as to alarm critics on [both right and left](https://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/12/conservatives-liberals-silicon-valley-242631).
Firms like Google, which once advertised themselves as committed to being not “evil,” are now increasingly seen as epitomizing Hades’ legions. The tech giants now constitute the world’s [five largest companies](https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/22/opinion/sunday/is-it-time-to-break-up-google.html?ref=opinion&_r=0) in market capitalization. Rather than idealistic newcomers, they increasingly reflect the worst of American capitalism — squashing competitors, using [indentured servants](http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2017/01/14/dont_give_silicon_valley_more_h1b_visas_132795.html), attempting [to fix wages](https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/09/technology/settlement-rejected-in-silicon-valley-hiring-case.html), [depressing incomes](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-03/-superstar-companies-are-eating-into-workers-wealth-study-finds), creating ever more[ social anomie and alienation](http://www.livescience.com/58121-social-media-use-perceived-isolation.html).
At the same time these firms are fostering what British academic [David Lyon](https://panoptykon.org/sites/default/files/FeedsEnclosure-oxford_handbook_3.pdf) has called a “surveillance society” both here and abroad. Companies like Facebook and Google thrive by mining personal data, and their only way to grow, as [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/facebooks-future-rests-on-knowing-you-even-better/) recently suggested, was, creepily, to “know you better.”
The techie vision of the future is one in which [the middle class](https://www.city-journal.org/html/disrupters-14950.html) all but disappears, with those not sufficiently merged with [machine intelligence](https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/13/a-i-will-be-billions-of-times-smarter-than-humans-man-and-machine-need-to-merge.html) relegated to rent-paying serfs living on “[income maintenance](https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2017/04/19/sam-altman-donald-trump-silicon-valley.html).” Theirs is a world in where long-standing local affinities are supplanted by [Facebook’s concept](https://arstechnica.com/staff/2017/02/op-ed-mark-zuckerbergs-manifesto-is-a-political-trainwreck/) of digitally-created “meaningful communities.”
**The progressive rebellion**
Back during the Obama years, the tech oligarchy was widely admired throughout the progressive circles. Companies like [Google](https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/03/25/google_and_obama/) gained [massive access](https://wikileaks.org/google-is-not-what-it-seems/) to the administration’s inner circles, with many top aides eventually entering a “[revolving door](https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/as-obama-nears-close-of-his-tenure-commitment-to-silicon-valley-is-clear/2015/02/27/3bee8088-bc8e-11e4-bdfa-b8e8f594e6ee_story.html?utm_term=.bb4a8855a73a)” for jobs with firms like Google, Facebook, Uber, Lyft and Airbnb.
Although the [vast majority](https://www.lifezette.com/polizette/donor-data-shows-silicon-valley-posts-republicans-need-not-apply-signs/) of all [political contributions](https://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-google-folks-are-top-sources-for-obama-funds/) from these firms, not surprisingly, go to the Democrats, many progressives — at least not those [on their payroll](https://www.wsj.com/articles/paying-professors-inside-googles-academic-influence-campaign-1499785286) — are expressing alarm about the oligarchs’ move to gain control of whole industries, such as [education](http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/opinion/20170616/oneil-silicon-valleys-unchecked-influence-in-classroom), finance, groceries, space, print media and entertainment. Left-leaning luminaries like [Franklin Foer](https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/oct/25/world-without-mind-by-franklin-foer-review), former editor of the New Republic, rant against technology firms as a threat to basic liberties and coarsening culture.
[Progressives](https://www.buzzfeed.com/scottcleland/holding-facebook-google-and-amazon-accountable?utm_term=.shEdO7OLn#.an6oqJqzL) are increasingly calling for ever growing tech monolith to be “broken up,” calling for new regulation to limit their size and scope. Many have embraced [European](https://www.wired.com/story/facebooks-future-rests-on-knowing-you-even-better/) proposals to restrain tech [monopolies](http://prospect.org/article/big-tech-new-predatory-capitalism) which now resemble “predatory capitalism” at its worse.
**The right also rises**
Traditionally, conservatives celebrated entrepreneurial success and opposed governmental intervention in the economy. Yet increasingly even libertarians, like Instapundit’s Glen Reynolds, have suggested that some form of [anti-trust action](http://theweek.com/articles/718558/conservatives-turn-silicon-valley--free-market) may be necessary to curb oligarchic power. The [National Review](https://www.nationalreview.com/2017/08/silicon-valleys-anti-conservative-bias-solution-treat-major-tech-companies-utilities/) even recently suggested that these firms be treated as utilities, that is, regulated by government.
Conservatives are also concerned about pervasive political bias in the industry. The Bay Area, the heartland of the industry, has evolved as Facebook co-[founder Peter Thiel](https://www.wsj.com/articles/tech-luminary-peter-thiel-parts-ways-with-silicon-valley-1518696120) notes, into a “one party state.” Ideological homogeneity discourages debate and dissent, both [inside their companies](http://joinlincoln.org/viewpoint-diversity).
More importantly, conservatives seek to [curb their ability](https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-google-facebook-duopoly-threatens-diversity-of-thought-1513642519) — increasingly evident as traditional media declines — to [control content](http://thefederalist.com/2018/01/12/dont-be-evil-google-is-trying-to-become-a-police-state/) on the internet. As the techies expand their domain, America’s media, entertainment and cultural industries would seem destined to become ever less heterogenous in politics and cultural world-view.
**A clear and present danger**
Whether one sits on the progressive left or the political right, this growing hegemony presents a clear and present danger. It is increasingly clear that the oligarchs have forgotten that Americans are more than a collection of data-bases to be exploited. People, whatever their ideology, generally want to maintain a modicum of privacy, and choose their way of life.
The perfect world of the oligarchs can be seen in the Bay Area, where, despite the massive explosion in employment, even tech workers, due to high costs, do [worse](https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/sf-tech-salary-hired-jobs-austin-seattle-la-12563500.php) than their counterparts elsewhere. Meanwhile [San Francisco](http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/03/23/san-franciscos-gap-between-rich-and-poor-among-largest-in-nation-study-finds/), among the [most unequal places](http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/inequality-economic-security-silicon-valley/) in the country, has evolved into a walking advertisement for a post-modern dystopia, an ultra-expensive city filled with homeless people and streets filled with excrement and needles. It is also increasingly [exporting people](https://www.sfgate.com/expensive-san-francisco/article/Bay-Area-outward-migration-exodus-sf-redfin-12563337.php) elsewhere, including many people [making high salaries](https://www.curbed.com/2017/12/15/16780358/san-francisco-unaffordable-real-estate-migration-study).
Of course, technology is critical to a brighter future, but need not be the province of a handful of companies or concentrated in one or two regions. The great progress in the 1980s and 1990s took place in a highly competitive, and dispersed, environment not one dominated by firms that control 80 or 90 percent of key markets. Not surprisingly, the rise of the oligarchs coincides with [a general decline](http://eig.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Dynamism-in-Retreat.pdf) in [business startups](https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/20/business/economy/startup-business.html), including in [tech](https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/mar/17/startup-boom-fizzle-san-francisco-housing-investment).
We have traveled far from the heroic era of spunky start-ups nurtured in suburban garages. But a future of ever greater robotic dependence — a kind of high-tech feudalism — is not inevitable. Setting aside their many differences, conservatives and progressives need to agree on strategies to limit the oligarch’s stranglehold on our future.
*(Joel Kotkin is the R.C. Hobbs Presidential Fellow in Urban Futures at Chapman University in Orange and executive director of the Houston-based Center for Opportunity Urbanism (*[*www.opportunityurbanism.org*](http://www.opportunityurbanism.org)*. He is an occasional contributor to CityWatch.)*
*-cw*
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